An integrated approach to exploration and exploitation of Ni-Cu (PGE) deposits in dynamic magmatic systems

The exploration and exploitation history of the Uitkomst Complex Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposit in the Mpumalanga Province in South Africa is used to illustrate the ore-forming potential of dynamic magmatic systems. A within-plate tectonic setting along a crustal lineament, a possible Bushveld Complex connection through a subvolcanic feeder sill, and sulphur-bearing country rocks of the lower Transvaal Sequence created promising geochemical and geophysical footprints for a fertile magmatic system. S isotope ratios of sulphide minerals and incompatible trace element ratios of chilled marginal rocks exhibit evidence for crustal contamination. Pathfinder minerals such as zinc-enriched spinels and Ni-depleted olivine assist in regional exploration. Integration of remote sensing, aeromagnetic and geo-electric data, regional stream sediment as well as lithogeochemical and metamorphic data in a geographical information system appears to be the successful route in reconnaissance exploration - both Brown- and Greenfield - to generate targets in a similar environment. Ranking of targets through mineral project evaluation and innovative processing techniques such as Activox (R) make low-grade and high tonnage deposits viable operations under current metal prices.