Integration of diagnosis and treatment of sleeping sickness in primary healthcare facilities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

被引:21
|
作者
Mitashi, P. [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ]
Hasker, E. [1 ]
Mbo, F. [5 ]
Van Geertruyden, J. P. [4 ]
Kaswa, M. [1 ,3 ,6 ]
Lumbala, C. [5 ]
Boelaert, M. [1 ]
Lutumba, P. [2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
[2] Kinshasa Univ, Fac Med, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO
[3] Inst Natl Rech Biomed, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO
[4] Univ Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
[5] Natl Program Control Human African Trypanosomiasi, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO
[6] Natl TB Program, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO
关键词
human African trypanosomiasis; Democratic Republic of Congo; primary healthcare facilities; trypanosomiase humaine africaine; RDC; etablissements de soins de sante primaires; tripanosomiasis humana Africana; RD Congo; centros sanitarios de atencion primaria; HUMAN AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS; EFLORNITHINE COMBINATION THERAPY; SERVICES; SYSTEMS; RISK; DRUG; NECT;
D O I
10.1111/tmi.12404
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
BackgroundControl of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has always been a vertical programme, although attempts at integration in general health services were made in recent years. Now that HAT prevalence is declining, the integration question becomes even more crucial. We studied the level of attainment of integration of HAT case detection and management in primary care centres in two high-prevalence districts in the province of Bandundu, DRC. MethodsWe visited all 43 first-line health centres of Mushie and Kwamouth districts, conducted structured interviews and inspected facilities using a standardised checklist. We focused on: availability of well trained staff - besides HAT, we also tested for knowledge on tuberculosis; availability of equipment, consumables and supplies; and utilisation of the services. ResultsAll health centres were operating but most were poorly equipped, and attendance rates were very low. We observed a median of 14 outpatient consultations per facility (IQR 8-21) in the week prior to our visit, that is two patients per day. The staff had good knowledge on presenting symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of both HAT and tuberculosis. Nine centres were accredited by the national programme as HAT diagnosis and treatment centres, but the most sensitive diagnostic confirmation test, the mini-anion exchange centrifugation technique (mAECT), was not present in any. Although all nine were performing the CATT screening test, only two had the required cold chain in working order. ConclusionIn these high-prevalence districts in DRC, staff is well-acquainted with HAT but lack the tools required for an adequate diagnostic procedure. Attendance rates of these primary care centres are extremely low, making timely recognition of a resurgence of HAT unlikely in the current state of affairs. ContexteLa lutte contre la trypanosomiase humaine africaine (THA) en Republique democratique du Congo (RDC) a toujours ete un programme vertical, quoique des tentatives d'integration dans les services de sante generaux aient ete faites au cours des dernieres annees. Maintenant que la prevalence de la THA est en baisse, la question de l'integration devient encore plus cruciale. Nous avons etudie le niveau d'integration de la detection et la prise en charge des cas de THA dans les centres de soins primaires dans deux districts a forte prevalence dans la province de Bandundu, en RDC. MethodesNous avons visite tous les 43 centres de sante de premiere ligne des districts de Mushie et Kwamouth, avons mene des entretiens structures et inspecte les etablissements en utilisant une liste de controle standardisee. Nous nous sommes concentres sur: la disponibilite de personnel bien forme - outre la THA nous avons egalement teste les connaissances sur la tuberculose, la disponibilite des equipements, des consommables et des fournitures, et l'utilisation des services. ResultatsTous les centres de sante fonctionnaient, mais la plupart etaient mal equipes et les taux de frequentation etaient tres faibles. Nous avons observe une mediane de 14 consultations ambulatoires par etablissement (IQR 8-21) dans la semaine avant notre visite, i.e. 2 patients par jour. Le personnel avait une bonne connaissance sur la presentation des symptomes, le diagnostic et le traitement a la fois de la THA et de la tuberculose. Neuf centres etaient accredites par le programme national comme centres de diagnostic et de traitement de la THA, mais le test le plus sensible pour la confirmation du diagnostic, la technique de chromatographie d'echange de mini-anion (mAECT) n'etait disponible dans aucun de ces centres. Bien que tous les neuf centres effectuaient le test de depistage CATT, seuls deux disposaient de la chaine de froid necessaire en bon etat de fonctionnement. ConclusionDans ces districts a forte prevalence en RDC, le personnel est bien au courant de la THA mais n'a pas les outils necessaires pour une procedure de diagnostic adequat. Les taux de visites dans ces centres de soins primaires sont extremement faibles, ce qui rend la reconnaissance en temps opportun d'une resurgence de la THA peu probable dans l'etat actuel des choses. AntecedentesEl control de la Tripanosomiasis Humana Africana (THA) en la Republica Democratica del Congo (RDC) siempre ha sido un programa vertical, aunque en anos recientes se han realizado intentos de integrarlos en los servicios sanitarios generales. Ahora que la prevalencia de la THA esta disminuyendo, el conseguir la integracion es aun mas importante. Hemos estudiado el nivel de consecucion de la integracion de la deteccion de casos y el manejo de THA en centros de atencion primaria de dos distritos con una alta prevalencia en la provincia de Bandundu, RDC. MetodosHemos visitado todos los 43 centros sanitarios de primera linea de los distritos de Mushie y Kwamouth, realizado entrevistas estructuradas e inspeccionado los centros utilizando una lista de verificacion estandarizada. Nos hemos centrado en: 1) la disponibilidad de personal bien entrenado - aparte de THA tambien evaluamos los conocimientos sobre tuberculosis; 2) la disponibilidad de equipamiento, consumibles y provisiones; 3) y la utilizacion de los servicios. ResultadosTodos los centros sanitarios estaban operativos, pero la mayoria estaban mal equipados y las tasas de asistencia eran muy bajas. Observamos una mediana de 14 consultas externas por centro (IQR 8-21) en la semana anterior a nuestra visita, es decir de 2 pacientes por dia. El personal sanitario tenia un buen conocimiento sobre los sintomas, el diagnostico y el tratamiento tanto de THA como de tuberculosis. Nueve centros estaban acreditados por el programa nacional de THA como centros de diagnostico y tratamiento pero la prueba diagnostica confirmatoria mas sensible, la cromatografia de intercambio anionico a microescala (mAECT) no estaba presente en ninguno de ellos. Aunque los nueve estaban realizando la prueba de aglutinacion en placa (CATT), solo dos tenian operativa la cadena de frio requerida. ConclusionEn estos distritos con una alta prevalencia en la RDC, el personal esta familiarizado con la THA pero no dispone de las herramientas necesarias para realizar un procedimiento diagnostico adecuado. Las tasas de asistencia a estos centros sanitarios primarios es extremadamente baja, lo cual hace que dadas las circunstancias actuales seria dificil reconocer a tiempo el resurgimiento de la THA.
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页码:98 / 105
页数:8
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