Aboriginal Canadians;
diversion;
drug treatment court;
female offenders;
Indigenous Canadians;
Indigenous over-representation;
intermediate sanction;
program referral;
IMPACT;
REFORMS;
D O I:
10.1177/0004865818757586
中图分类号:
DF [法律];
D9 [法律];
学科分类号:
0301 ;
摘要:
To ensure equitable access to diversion from custody, Canadian drug treatment courts should accept referrals whose age, gender, and Indigenous race proportions are similar to probation or custody admissions. Of particular concern are Indigenous offenders, who are over-represented in Canada's community and institutional corrections systems. To examine the influence of these extra-legal factors, we assessed referrals to the Winnipeg, Manitoba drug treatment court (N = 288). Provincial corrections data from Statistics Canada's adult key indicator report, eight years of official records drug court data (2006-2014), and local male sentenced inmate admission data were analyzed. Age, gender, and Indigenous status did not influence referral. Indigenous male referrals to the drug treatment courts were generally higher risk than females or other males. Correctional institutions data showed that Indigenous male inmates had more convictions for violence and higher street gang membership rates, thus attempting to increase drug court referral poses significant challenges. In Manitoba, substantial custody reductions of offenders overall and Indigenous male offenders in particular will require more radical solutions than the drug court.
机构:
Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
Emory Univ, Dept Med, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USAEmory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
Armstrong, Wendy S.
del Rio, Carlos
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Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
Emory Univ, Dept Med, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
Emory Ctr AIDS Res, Atlanta, GA USAEmory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
机构:
Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, 400 North Ingalls, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAUniv Michigan, Sch Nursing, 400 North Ingalls, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Harrison, Jordan M.
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Jung, Miyeon
Lennie, Terry A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Kentucky, Coll Nursing, Grad Fac Affairs, Lexington, KY USAUniv Michigan, Sch Nursing, 400 North Ingalls, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Lennie, Terry A.
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Moser, Debra K.
Smith, Dean G.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Louisiana State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA USAUniv Michigan, Sch Nursing, 400 North Ingalls, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Smith, Dean G.
Dunbar, Sandra B.
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机构:
Emory Univ, Cardiovasc Nursing, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
Emory Univ, Nell Hodgson Woodruff Sch Nursing, Acad Adv, Atlanta, GA 30322 USAUniv Michigan, Sch Nursing, 400 North Ingalls, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Dunbar, Sandra B.
Ronis, David L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, 400 North Ingalls, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAUniv Michigan, Sch Nursing, 400 North Ingalls, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Ronis, David L.
Koelling, Todd M.
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机构:
Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAUniv Michigan, Sch Nursing, 400 North Ingalls, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Koelling, Todd M.
Giordani, Bruno
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机构:
Univ Michigan, Dept Psychiat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAUniv Michigan, Sch Nursing, 400 North Ingalls, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Giordani, Bruno
Riley, Penny L.
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Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, 400 North Ingalls, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAUniv Michigan, Sch Nursing, 400 North Ingalls, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Riley, Penny L.
Pressler, Susan J.
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机构:
Indiana Univ, Sch Nursing, Ctr Enhancing Qual Life Chron Illness, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USAUniv Michigan, Sch Nursing, 400 North Ingalls, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA