Adjuvant Therapies in Diabetic Retinopathy as an Early Approach to Delay Its Progression: The Importance of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

被引:44
|
作者
Raul Robles-Rivera, Ricardo [1 ]
Alberto Castellanos-Gonzalez, Jose [1 ,2 ]
Olvera-Montano, Cecilia [1 ]
Alonso Flores-Martin, Raul [3 ]
Karen Lopez-Contreras, Ana [1 ]
Esperanza Arevalo-Simental, Diana [1 ,4 ]
German Cardona-Munoz, Ernesto [1 ]
Miguel Roman-Pintos, Luis [5 ]
Daniel Rodriguez-Carrizalez, Adolfo [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Guadalajara, Hlth Sci Univ Ctr, Dept Physiol, Inst Clin & Expt Therapeut, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
[2] Mexican Inst Social Secur, Natl Occident Med Ctr, Specialties Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
[3] Mexican Inst Social Secur, Reg Gen Hosp 110, Dept Ophthalmol, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
[4] Hosp Civil Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Dept Ophthalmol, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
[5] Univ Guadalajara, Univ Ctr Tonala, Dept Physiol, Tonala, Jalisco, Mexico
关键词
ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID; NF-KAPPA-B; RETINAL GANGLION-CELLS; LOW-CALORIE DIET; VITAMIN-E; ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION; ASCORBIC-ACID; DOUBLE-BLIND; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; MEDITERRANEAN DIET;
D O I
10.1155/2020/3096470
中图分类号
Q2 [细胞生物学];
学科分类号
071009 ; 090102 ;
摘要
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a progressive disease induced by a sustained state of chronic hyperglycemia that can lead to several complications targeting highly metabolic cells. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a multifactorial microvascular complication of DM, with high prevalence, which can ultimately lead to visual impairment. The genesis of DR involves a complex variety of pathways such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, neurodegeneration, angiogenesis, lipid peroxidation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, each possessing potential therapeutic biomarkers. A specific treatment has yet to be developed for early stages of DR since no management is given other than glycemic control until the proliferative stage develops, offering a poor visual prognosis to the patient. In this narrative review article, we evaluate different dietary regimens, such as the Mediterranean diet, Dietary Pattern to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and their functional foods, and low-calorie diets (LCDs). Nutraceuticals have also been assessed in DR on account of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties, which may have an important impact on the physiopathology of DR. These nutraceuticals have shown to lower reactive oxygen species (ROS), important inflammatory factors, cytokines, and endothelial damage biomarkers either as monotherapies or combined therapies or concomitantly with established diabetes management or nonconventional adjuvant drugs like topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
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页数:23
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