Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin: The third most potent bacterial toxin known

被引:59
|
作者
Alves, Guilherme Guerra [1 ]
Machado de Avila, Ricardo Andrez [2 ]
Chavez-Olortegui, Carlos Delfin [3 ]
Faria Lobato, Francisco Carlos [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Sch Vet, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
[2] Univ Extremo Sul Catarinense UNESC, BR-88806000 Criciuma, SC, Brazil
[3] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
关键词
Clostridium perfringens; Enterotoxemia; Epsilon toxin; Pore-forming; HIGH-AFFINITY BINDING; LAMBDA-TOXIN; PORE; ENTEROTOXIN; CELLS; SHEEP; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; VIRULENCE; DEPLETION;
D O I
10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.08.016
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Epsilon toxin (ETX) is produced by Clostridium perfringens type B and D strains and causes enterotoxemia, a highly lethal disease with major impacts on the farming of domestic ruminants, particularly sheep. ETX belongs to the aerolysin-like pore-forming toxin family. Although ETX has striking similarities to other toxins in this family, ETX is often more potent, with an LD50 of 100 ng/kg in mice. Due to this high potency, ETX is considered as a potential bioterrorism agent and has been classified as a category B biological agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of the United States. The protoxin is converted to an active toxin through proteolytic cleavage performed by specific proteases. ETX is absorbed and acts locally in the intestines then subsequently binds to and causes lesions in other organs, including the kidneys, lungs and brain. The importance of this toxin for veterinary medicine and its possible use as a biological weapon have drawn the attention of researchers and have led to a large number of studies investigating ETX. The aim of the present work is to review the existing knowledge on ETX from C. perfringens type B and D. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:102 / 107
页数:6
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