Construction of biocomputing systems based on switchable bioelectrocatalysis and stimulus-responsive film electrodes

The construction of biocomputing platforms, particularly based on multiple stimulus-responsive film electrodes and switchable bioelectrocatalysis, is briefly overviewed. The bioelectrocatalysis mechanisms and switch principles for common redox biomacromolecules, such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP), glucose oxidase (GOD), natural deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), are briefly introduced. Reversible switch systems are exemplified with smart hydrogel polymer films, functional nano-material composite films, inorganic coordination polymers and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) films modified on electrode surfaces, demonstrating different electrochemical and optical properties depending on external stimuli. This review highlights the various biomolecular logic gates, logic circuits and devices including sequential circuits achieved due to biocatalytic reactions combined with stimulus-responsive film electrodes. Future developments leading to intelligent multianalyte biosensing and information processing at the molecular level based on switchable and tunable bioelectrocatalysis properties are greatly expected as a research trend in this area.