Chosen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of enamel formation genes and dental caries in a population of Polish children

Background. It is increasingly emphasized that the influence of a host's factors in the etiology of dental caries are of most interest, particularly those concerned with genetic aspect. Objectives. The aim of the study was to analyze the genotype and allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AMELX, AMBN, TUFT1, TFIP11, MMP20 and KLK4 genes and to prove their association with dental caries occurrence in a population of Polish children. Material and methods. The study was performed in 96 children (48 individuals with caries -"cases" and 48 free of this disease -"controls"), aged 20-42 months, chosen out of 262 individuals who had dental examination performed and attended 4 day nurseries located in Poznan (Poland). From both groups oral swab was collected for molecular evaluation. Eleven selected SNPs markers were genotyped by Sanger sequencing. Genotype and allele frequencies were calculated and a standard chi(2) analysis was used to test for deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The association of genetic variations with caries susceptibility or resistance was assessed by the Fisher's exact test and p <= 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Five markers were significantly associated with caries incidence in children in the study: rs17878486 in AMELX (p < 0.0001), rs34538475 in AMBN (p < 0.0001), rs2337360 in TUFT1 (p < 0.0001), and rs2235091 (p = 0.0085) and rs198969 (p = 0.0069) in KLK4. Genotype and allele frequencies indicated both risk and protective variants for these markers. Conclusions. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in AMELX, AMBN, TUFT1, KLK4 genes may be considered as a risk factor for dental caries occurrence in Polish children.