Penile lichen sclerosus (balanitis xerotica obliterans)

Penile lichen sclerosus, also known as balanitis xerotica obliterans, is a chronic infl ammatory condition of the penis which can occur at all ages. The infl ammation leads to the formation of white plaques most commonly on the foreskin or penis, and can lead to inability to retract the foreskin or blockage to the fl ow of urine. Cancer may occur rarely. Penile lichen sclerosus is a progressive, sclerosing, infl ammatory dermatosis of the glans penis and foreskin which is of uncertain aetiology. Recent studies have shown a link between lichen sclerosus and squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. In this review, we discuss the clinical presentation, pathology and current approach to treatment of this condition.