Rare cause of painless lower gastrointestinal bleeding: A case report

Introduction and importance: Endometriosis is a complex disease in which an abnormal uterine lining-like estrogen-dependent cells settle outside the uterine cavity. Gastrointestinal tract is the commonly affected region in extragenital endometriosis. Case presentation: A 44-year-old female patient suffering from intermittent hematochezia for the past three months was presented with no medical history or any other symptoms correlating with current complaints. Clinical examination showed the patient in good condition with soft abdomen without evidence of tenderness or palpable mass or any sign of haemorrhoids or fissures. Initial abdominal sonography revealed a 20 x 25 mm hypoechoic change in caecal region. Colonoscopic biopsies and histopathological examination revealed only colon mucosa with mucosal oedema and an unspecific inflammatory reactive regenerative polypoid with no evidence of tumor tissue adenoma. Intermittent hematochezia of the patient got worse in the following months without any other concurrent symptom. Laparoscopically assisted ileocecal resection with a sutured side-to-side ileoascendostomy was then performed. The patient was kept on enhanced recovery program and was discharged on the fourth post-operative day with analgesics. Clinical discussion: Patients who present with diagnostic challenges or fails to respond to initial treatments for alternative gastrointestinal diagnoses (e.g., IBS), should be analyzed for endometriosis especially in patients with a history or risk factors including nulliparity, early menarche, haematocolpos, retrograde menstruation or even positive family history. Conclusion: Endometriosis must be considered as a gastrointestinal pathology as much as gynecological one, and the gastrointestinal surgeons and physicians should be aware of its symptoms or presentation.