Ameliorative effect of Annona reticulata L. leaf extract on antihyperglycemic activity and its hepato-renal protective potential in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Background: Annona reticulata L. is a traditionally important plant due to its versatile source of medicine and industrial products. It is used to treat cardiac problems, wound healing, diabetes, ulcers and bacterial infections. As it is a commercial fruit bearing plant, wide range studies on this plant reaches the mankind efficiently. Objective(s): The present study was focussed on antihyperglycemic potential of A. reticulata leaves under in vitro and in vivo. Material and methods: The in vitro phytochemical analysis, total phenolic, flavonoid content, inhibition activity on alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes were determined for various solvent extracts, followed by in vivo oral toxicity, short term, dose dependant antihyperglycemic studies, oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. The activity of methanolic extract of A.reticulata (MeEAR)-500 mg/kg b.wt was studied for 28 days in diabetic rat model. Histopathological examinations and serum biochemical assays were performed. Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to identify the compounds present in MeEAR. Results: Among the various extracts, MeEAR possesses higher amount of phenols and flavonoids with effective inhibition on carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes (P < 0.05) and also exhibited higher glycemic control in vivo, with simultaneous improvement in the hepatic and renal activities in diabetic rats. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 63 bioactive compounds including carboxylic-acids, alcoholic groups, fattyacid esters, amino acid derivatives. Conclusion: Altogether, our study demonstrated that leaves of A.reticulata possess better anti-hyperglycemic activity and could be developed in to a potential antidiabetic drug with further studies. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Institute of Transdisciplinary Health Sciences and Technology and World Ayurveda Foundation.