Does the prostate volume always effect cancer detection rate in prostate biopsy? Additional role of prostate-specific antigen levels: A retrospective analysis of 2079 patients

Objective: We aimed to determine whether the effect of prostate volume on cancer detection rates is influenced by serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Material and methods: A total of 2465 men who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy were retrospectively evaluated. Standard 10-core prostate biopsy was performed in all cases. Patients were divided into three groups according to the serum PSA levels: <= 10 ng/mL (Group 1), 10-20 ng/mL (Group 2) and >20 ng/mL (Group 3). In each group age, serum PSA levels and prostate volumes were compared in patients with and without prostate cancer. Results: A total of 2079 patients were included in the study group. Cancer detection rates were 16%, 25%, 53% in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p=0.001). In Group 1, there was a significant difference in mean prostate volume of patients with and without prostate cancer (p=0.01). However, this difference was not seen in Group 2 or 3 (p=0.06 and p=0.08, respectively). The mean age and PSA level which are the other determinants of prostate cancer diagnosis were similar between patients with and without cancer in the Group 1, thus prostate volume was the only determinant of the diagnosis. Conclusion: According to our findings, prostate volume is an important factor for prostate cancer diagnosed with prostate biopsy only in patients with a PSA level of <= 10 ng/mL.