DropELM: Fast neural network regularization with Dropout and DropConnect

In this paper, we propose an extension of the Extreme Learning Machine algorithm for Single-hidden Layer Feedforward Neural network training that incorporates Dropout and DropConnect regularization in its optimization process. We show that both types of regularization lead to the same solution for the network output weights calculation, which is adopted by the proposed DropELM network. The proposed algorithm is able to exploit Dropout and DropConnect regularization, without computationally intensive iterative weight tuning. We show that the adoption of such a regularization approach can lead to better solutions for the network output weights. We incorporate the proposed regularization approach in several recently proposed ELM algorithms and show that their performance can be enhanced without requiring much additional computational cost. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.