Age Modulates Physiological Responses during Fan Use under Extreme Heat and Humidity

Purpose: We examined the effect of electric fan use on cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses of nine young (26 +/- 3 yr) and nine aged (68 +/- 4 yr) adults exposed to extreme heat and humidity. Methods: While resting at a temperature of 42 degrees C, relative humidity increased from 30% to 70% in 2% increments every 5 min. On randomized days, the protocol was repeated without or with fan use. HR, core (T-core) and mean skin (T-sk) temperatures were measured continuously. Whole-body sweat loss was measured from changes in nude body weight. Other measures of cardiovascular (cardiac output), thermoregulatory (local cutaneous and forearm vascular conductance, local sweat rate), and perceptual (thermal and thirst sensations) responses were also examined. Results: When averaged over the entire protocol, fan use resulted in a small reduction of HR (-2 bpm, 95% confidence interval [CI], -8 to 3), and slightly greater T-core (+0.05 degrees C; 95% CI, -0.13 to 0.23) and T-sk (+ 0.03 degrees C; 95% CI, -0.36 to 0.42) in young adults. In contrast, fan use resulted in greater HR (+ 5 bpm; 95% CI, 0-10), T-core (+0.20 degrees C; 95% CI, 0.00-0.41), and T-sk (+ 0.47 degrees C; 95% CI, 0.18-0.76) in aged adults. A greater whole-body sweat loss during fan use was observed in young (+ 0.2 kg; 95% CI, -0.2 to 0.6) but not aged (0.0 kg; 95% CI, -0.2 to 0.2) adults. Greater local sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance were observed with fan use in aged adults. Other measures of cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, and perceptual responses were unaffected by fan use in both groups. Conclusions: During extreme heat and humidity, fan use elevates physiological strain in aged, but not young, adults.