[1] Univ Michigan, Transportat Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
[2] Univ Michigan, Dept Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
[3] Univ Michigan, Dept Emergency Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
[4] Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm US, Human Injury Res Div, Washington, DC 20590 USA
[5] Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
[6] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[7] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[8] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
[9] Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA
[10] Insurance Inst Highway Safety, Ruckersville, VA USA