The efficacy of executive function interventions in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience difficulties in Executive Functions (EFs) performance. However, the efficacy of EF intervention needs to be further investigated. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of different EF interventions in children and adolescents with ASD. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out according to PRISMA guidelines. Relevant databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to November 2019. Papers included in the study have the following characteristics: randomized controlled trial or quasi-experimental design and published in English or Spanish. Results After the elimination of duplicates, 949 were screened. Among these, six were included in the systematic review. The main approaches for EF in ASD were computer-based interventions, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and assisted-animal therapy. Statistically significant results (p = 0.003) were found in using exergames. Conclusion Different approaches can be used for improving EF intervention, with positive effects on working memory, behavior, and flexibility.