Effectiveness of Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines against COVID-19 Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variants: A Retrospective Cohort Study

被引:7
|
作者
Hua, Qiaoli [1 ]
Zheng, Danwen [2 ,3 ]
Yu, Bo [4 ]
Tan, Xinghua [5 ]
Chen, Qiumin [6 ]
Wang, Longde [7 ]
Zhang, Jing [8 ]
Liu, Yuntao [2 ,3 ]
Weng, Heng [9 ,10 ]
Cai, Yihang [1 ]
Xu, Xiaohua [2 ,3 ]
Feng, Bing [11 ]
Zheng, Guangjuan [11 ]
Ding, Banghan [2 ,3 ]
Guo, Jianwen [3 ,9 ,10 ]
Zhang, Zhongde [2 ,3 ,9 ]
机构
[1] Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Clin Coll 2, Guangzhou 510006, Peoples R China
[2] Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Dept Emergency, Affiliated Hosp 2, Guangzhou 510120, Peoples R China
[3] Guangdong Prov Key Lab Res Emergency Tradit Chine, Guangzhou 510120, Peoples R China
[4] 2 Peoples Hosp Lanzhou, Dept Gen Surg, Lanzhou 730030, Peoples R China
[5] Guangzhou Med Univ, Guangzhou Peoples Hosp 8, Dept Tradit Chinese Med, Guangzhou 510060, Peoples R China
[6] Xiamen Univ, Dept Tradit Chinese Med, Affiliated Hosp 1, Xiamen 361022, Peoples R China
[7] Gansu Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Affiliated Hosp, Lanzhou 730020, Peoples R China
[8] Xiamen Hosp Tradit Chinese Med, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, Xiamen 361000, Peoples R China
[9] State Key Lab Dampness Syndrome Chinese Med, Guangzhou 510120, Peoples R China
[10] Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Dept Neurol, Affiliated Hosp 2, Guangzhou 510120, Peoples R China
[11] Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Affiliated Hosp 2, Dept Pharmacol Tradit Chinese Med, Guangzhou 510120, Peoples R China
关键词
coronavirus disease 2019; the Delta variant; the Omicron (BA.2.38) variant; inactivated COVID-19 vaccine; a retrospective cohort study; VACCINATION; SEVERITY; DISEASE; CHINA;
D O I
10.3390/vaccines10101753
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Background: Real-world evidence on the effectiveness of inactivated vaccines against the Delta and Omicron (BA.2.38) variants remains scarce. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to estimate the adjusted vaccine effectiveness (aVE) of one, two, and three doses of inactivated vaccines in attenuating pneumonia, severe COVID-19, and the duration of viral shedding in Delta and Omicron cases using modified Poisson and linear regression as appropriate. Results: A total of 561 COVID-19 cases were included (59.2% Delta and 40.8% Omicron). In total, 56.4% (184) of Delta and 12.0% (27) of Omicron cases had COVID-19 pneumonia. In the two-dose vaccinated population, 1.4% of Delta and 89.1% of Omicron cases were vaccinated for more than 6 months. In Delta cases, the two-dose aVE was 52% (95% confidence interval, 39-63%) against pneumonia and 61% (15%, 82%) against severe disease. Two-dose vaccination reduced the duration of viral shedding in Delta cases, but not in booster-vaccinated Omicron cases. In Omicron cases, three-dose aVE was 68% (18%, 88%) effective against pneumonia, while two-dose vaccination was insufficient for Omicron. E-values were calculated, and the E-values confirmed the robustness of our findings. Conclusions: In Delta cases, two-dose vaccination within 6 months reduced pneumonia, disease severity, and the duration of viral shedding. Booster vaccination provided a high level of protection against pneumonia with Omicron and should be prioritized.
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页数:12
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