Left atrial reverse remodeling predicts long-term survival after cardiac resynchronization therapy

Background Left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling has been identified as a strong predictor of long-term survival in patients receiving CRT. Interestingly, CRT induces reverse remodeling in the left atrium (LA) as well. It is currently unknown to what extent LA reverse remodeling is correlated to long-term survival after CRT. This study aims to assess the long-term prognostic value of left atrium (LA) reverse remodeling in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Methods Baseline and 3-months follow-up echocardiograms after CRT implantation were prospectively assessed to determine changes in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left atrial volume (LAV), and left atrial reservoir strain (LAS(r)). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for long-term survival. Results In our study population of 99 patients with a mean follow-up of 6.3 +/- 2.1 years, 43 patients (43%) reached the end-point of all-cause mortality. More extensive LA reverse remodeling, as measured by a relative increase in LAS(r), was observed in survivors compared to non-survivors (43 [29-64] % vs. 8 [2-28] %, P < 0.001, respectively). After multivariate analysis, delta LAS(r) remained the only significant predictor of mortality [HR per 5%: 0.90 (0.86-0.95); AUC 0.78 (0.68-0.88)]. Conclusion An increase in LAS(r) is associated with favorable long-term outcome after CRT. The observed clinical importance of LA reverse remodeling after CRT asks for further validation in larger prospective cohorts.