Biologic therapies hold great promise in the treatment of a variety of sports medicine conditions, including cartilage injuries, osteoarthritis, and tendon or ligament tears. Cell-based therapies currently under investigation include autologous products such as platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate concentrate, other adipose and mesenchymal stem cell products, and allogeneic products such as umbilical cord and placenta-derived products. However, their use does not come without risk, and the complications of these treatments can be underreported. Risks include infection, sterile inflammatory response, or a combination. Many times, when offering injection therapy, we consider the greatest risk a lack of efficacy. A "no harm, no foul" attitude is taken. Many of us think that the biggest risk of such injections, due to out-of-pocket expense, would be damage to someone's checkbook more than damage to their health. However, there are real medical risks to our treatments. Regulatory efforts around the use of biologics are needed to track both efficacy and side effects, as we advance this technology and expand its use in the future.
