Molecular markers in the diagnostics and therapy of urothelial cancer

Many clinical decisions in the management of bladder cancer would benefit from better and reliable knowledge of individual prognosis. Marker for urothelial cancer can principally be measured in blood, urine and transurethrally resected tissue. In recent years new markers have been identified by new technologies and this opens exiting avenues. Since no single marker gives a clear Yes-or-no prognostic answer but always only a measure of probability, the use of marker systems has so far not gained widespread clinical applications. This will likely change in future.