Research on the Influencing Factors and Countermeasures of Water Shortage in Beijing, China

Water is important resource for human being and economic development. With the development of urbanization and the continuous increase of population, the economy has developed rapidly, and the utilization of water resource in various industries has risen sharply, so that the water shortage crisis restricts the sustainable development of economy seriously. It is threatening the survival and security of people, so it is an important measure for the protection of the ecological environment to ensure the rational use of water resources. Therefore, the data of water resources in Beijing statistical yearbook 2016 is selected as the sample, and then the paper analyzes the risk of water shortages. Firstly, the index system of risk is established, it studies the influencing factors of water shortage in Beijing from demand, supply and industrial structure. In this paper, the gray correlation analysis is used to explain the reasons for water shortage in Beijing, the water shortage rate is used as the reference sequence, and the nine influencing factors in the index system of risk are the comparative sequence, the influence degree of each factor is analyzed by the ranking of the correlation degree between the comparative sequence and the reference sequence. It is concluded that the main factors affecting the water scarcity in Beijing are precipitation, population and reclaimed water, these factors mainly come from environment and society, it will cause physical and economical scarcity. Secondly, according to the importance of these factors, the three indexes are used as the evaluation criteria to establish the function of shortage risk degree in order to analyze the water shortage quantitatively. In 2015, the degree of water shortage in Beijing was 5.33, which indicates the water scarcity is serious. It promotes the supervision and management of water shortage risk effectively. Finally, cluster analysis is used to cluster the water shortage risk, the risk of water shortage is divided into three levels according to the degree of shortage, we can get a practical prediction method through the empirical analysis. And then the paper puts forward the corresponding suggestions from population, precipitation, reclaimed water and industrial structure.