Recent progress and challenges on the bismuth-based anode for sodium-ion batteries and potassium-ion batteries

Renewable energy has gained much attention in recent decades because of the global concerns related to the search for abundant, ecofriendly, and durable batteries and their potential to substitute traditional energy sources. Compared with lithium-based batteries, the sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have high promise for next-generation battery systems due to their earth abundance, suitable working potential, and high capacity. Some important breakthroughs have been reported recently for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), such as enhancement of electrochemical performances due to size effect, high stability, and excellent conductivity, however it is still imperative to explore anode materials that exhibits ultra-long lifetime and high energy density. Herein, we review the recent progress on the bismuth-based anode materials because they demonstrate a comparable higher theoretical specific capacity and emerge as promising electrode materials for sodium and potassium ion batteries. The structural features and synthetic strategies of bismuth-based anodes in the field of rechargeable K/Na ion batteries are summarized, and their existing challenges for battery development and potential solution for perspective of future research are outlined. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.