Coronary artery disease: New Insights into revascularization treatment of diabetic patients

Diabetes mellitus is an independent cardiovascular risk factor, considered an equivalent of coronary artery disease in terms of prognosis. A history of acute coronary syndrome is a strong predictor of another coronary episode, and cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality in diabetic patients. Many patients with coronary artery disease suffer from concomitant diabetes or pre-diabetes. There are 3 strategies of coronary artery disease treatment: conservative management, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Since drug-eluting stents (DES) were developed, PCI has become one of the most widespread interventional cardiology procedures performed in Europe and worldwide. Among all coronary risk factors, diabetes mellitus remains the most important predictor of unfavorable outcomes of revascularization therapy. This paper reviews the current evidence regarding revascularization in diabetic patients, with particular emphasis on PCI. A systematic analysis of clinical trials of CABG and PCI, especially with DES, was conducted.