Purpose: To systematically analyze evidence about the outcome and percent of newly completed ADs, focusing on the effectiveness of (a) types of educational interventions versus controls and (b) one educational intervention over another. Design: Systematic review of literature based on Cochrane review criteria. Methods: Twelve randomized and four nonrandomized studies were selected from the nursing, medical, and social work literature that met the following criteria: described educational interventions, provided information to calculate the percent of newly completed ADs as an outcome, and published between 1991 and 2009. The review focused primarily on randomized studies. Reviewers calculated the percent of newly completed ADs by determining the number of subjects per group without an AD at baseline and the percentage of those who then completed one by the end of the studies. Findings: Findings were inconsistent regarding all types of educational interventions studied versus controls. Sufficient evidence exists to conclude that combined written and verbal educational interventions were more effective than single written interventions in increasing the percent of newly completed ADs in adult clinic outpatients and hospitalized elderly. Conclusions: Calculating the percent of newly completed ADs was successful in allowing for study result comparisons. Overall, the evidence base regarding the effectiveness of single or combined educational interventions in increasing AD completion is weak. Randomized studies with diverse samples should be conducted against controls before more studies comparing interventions are undertaken. Clinical Relevance: This article provides nurses with a summary of research related to educational interventions and AD completion and identifies where future study is needed.
机构:
Kaiser Permanente, Napa Solano Family Med Residency Program, Vallejo, CA 94589 USAKaiser Permanente, Napa Solano Family Med Residency Program, Vallejo, CA 94589 USA
Gonzalez, Ruben
Lyon, Liisa
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Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USAKaiser Permanente, Napa Solano Family Med Residency Program, Vallejo, CA 94589 USA
Lyon, Liisa
Rabbani, Juleon
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Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USAKaiser Permanente, Napa Solano Family Med Residency Program, Vallejo, CA 94589 USA
Rabbani, Juleon
Conell, Carol
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Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USAKaiser Permanente, Napa Solano Family Med Residency Program, Vallejo, CA 94589 USA
Conell, Carol
Postlethwaite, Debbie
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Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USAKaiser Permanente, Napa Solano Family Med Residency Program, Vallejo, CA 94589 USA
Postlethwaite, Debbie
Spaulding, Mira
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Kaiser Permanente, Permanente Med Grp Support Serv, Oakland, CA USAKaiser Permanente, Napa Solano Family Med Residency Program, Vallejo, CA 94589 USA
Spaulding, Mira
Mason, Michael
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Kaiser Permanente, Napa Solano Family Med Residency Program, Vallejo, CA 94589 USAKaiser Permanente, Napa Solano Family Med Residency Program, Vallejo, CA 94589 USA
机构:
Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Dept Phys Therapy, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Dept Phys Therapy, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, Brazil
Ribeiro, Cibele D.
Resqueti, Vanessa R.
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Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Dept Phys Therapy, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Dept Phys Therapy, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, Brazil
Resqueti, Vanessa R.
Lima, Illia
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Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Dept Phys Therapy, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Dept Phys Therapy, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, Brazil
Lima, Illia
Dias, Fernando A. L.
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Univ Fed Parana, Dept Physiol, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Dept Phys Therapy, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, Brazil
Dias, Fernando A. L.
Glynn, Liam
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Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Coll Med Nursing & Hlth Sci, Galway, IrelandUniv Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Dept Phys Therapy, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, Brazil
Glynn, Liam
Fregonezi, Guilherme A. F.
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Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Dept Phys Therapy, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Dept Phys Therapy, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, Brazil
机构:
Indiana Univ Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Geriatr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USAIndiana Univ Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Geriatr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
Young, R. S.
Munchhof, A. M.
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Indiana Univ Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Geriatr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USAIndiana Univ Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Geriatr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
Munchhof, A. M.
Arseven, A.
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Indiana Univ Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Geriatr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USAIndiana Univ Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Geriatr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
Arseven, A.
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机构:
Skopelja, E.
Counsell, S. R.
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机构:
Indiana Univ Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Geriatr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USAIndiana Univ Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Geriatr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA