Mothers' self-reported control of their preschool children's emotional expressiveness: A longitudinal study of associations with infant-mother attachment and children's emotion regulation

In the present longitudinal study we examined the associations between mothers' self-reported control of their preschoolers' emotional expressiveness and two other key facets of early socioemotional development: the quality of the infant-mother attachment and children emotion regulation. Seventy-six white preschool-aged children (46 boys and 30 girls) and their mothers participated. Principal assessments included the Parent Attitude Toward Child Expressiveness Scale (PACES; Saarni, 1985), the infant Strange Situation, and 'Beat the Bell,'a measure designed for this study to elicit children emotional expression, sharing, and suppression in the presence of their mothers. Mothers' control of their children expressiveness was associated with both attachment and children emotion regulation in theoretically predicted ways. First, mothers of children who had been classified insecure-avoidant in the Strange Situation reported greater control of their children negative expressiveness than other mothers, and mothers of children who had been classified insecure-ambivalent reported less control of their children negative expressiveness than other mothers. Second, mothers who reported greater control of their children expressiveness had children who were less likely to express and share their feelings and more likely to suppress their anger in the 'Beat the Bell' emotion regulation assessment. Findings are discussed in terms of the role of maternal emotion socialization in children early socioemotional development.