Temporal change of Jinan Springs discharge and protection of the springs

Jinan is an important industrial and tour city. And large karst springs are its important resources for tourism. The water resources shortage is a main factor to limit the development of the economy and society and enlargement of the city. To study the groundwater flow and to protect the springs, the data of the spring discharge are collected and analyzed. And Jinan Spring discharge can be divided into four periods including the artesian flowing period, the artesian flowing exploiting mixed period, the seasonal or perennial zero-flow period and the artificial control period. Then based on the characteristics of the historical evolvement of Jinan Spring discharge, the methods for the protection of the springs are put forward.