Unified principles of univariate analytical calibration

An attempt has been made to build a revised and logical concept of the univariate analytical calibration in qualitative and quantitative analysis. It focuses on the terms of real (virtual) and model (practical) calibration functions and their similarity as a condition for correct calibration leading to a reliable analytical result. The similarity of both functions depends on the extent to which the random and systematic measurement changes, so-called uncontrollable analytical effects, are eliminated and/or compensated. It is assumed that the model function is able to be formulated exclusively with the use of calibration standards, which can be not only chemical but also mathematical, biological or physical in nature. On the basis of the developed concept it has been proved that every method of qualitative and quantitative analysis requires analytical calibration. It was justified using the example of analytical methods commonly regarded as absolute or standardless ones. (C) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.