Photoswitchable allosteric modulators for metabotropic glutamate receptors

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu) are a family of class C G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with important bio-logical functions and widespread expression. The mechanisms of mGlu activation and the development of allosteric modula-tors for these dimeric proteins have attracted singular attention including the use of light regulated ligands. Photo -pharmacology involves the integration of a photoactive moiety into the ligand structure that following specific illumination un-dergoes a structural rearrangement and changes its biological activity. The use of light-regulated allosteric ligands offers the opportunity to manipulate mGlu signalling with spatiotemporal precision, unattainable with classical pharmacological ap-proaches. In this review, we will discuss some of the in-novations that have been made in the allosteric photopharmacology of mGlu receptors to date. We discuss the prospects of these molecular tools in the control of mGluRs and the new perspectives in understanding mGlu mechanisms, pharmacology and (patho)physiology that can ultimately result in innovative drug discovery concepts.