Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Thioredoxin (Trx) Genes in Seed Development of Vitis vinifera

Thioredoxin (Trx) genes are ubiquitous in plants and have many regulatory functions. These include seed germination, apoptosis, and cellular redox processes. In this study, 48 members of the Trx gene family were identified in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) through blasting in the 12 x Vitis genome according to Trx domain (PF00085). These are divided into five subfamilies (Trx-A, Trx-B, Trx-O, Trx-TPR and Trx-ERp29) based on their domain features. All are widely distributed in 16 of the 19 chromosomes and chromosomes Un. The gene nomenclature is based on the order of location on the chromosome. The analysis of cis-acting elements in promoters reveals that Trxs are involved in seed development and are responsive to various environmental stimuli. The qRT-PCR analysis of 16 Trx genes in 'Pinot noir' and 'Thompson seedless' during various stages of seed development show that VvTrxA16 and VvTrxB7 may participate in seed-specific regulation. In summary, our findings enable to provide a basis for the relationships between the VvTrx genes and seed development.