Effects of tunneling on groundwater flow and swelling of clay-sulfate rocks

被引:24
|
作者
Butscher, Christoph [1 ]
Einstein, Herbert H. [1 ]
Huggenberger, Peter [2 ]
机构
[1] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[2] Univ Basel, Inst Geol & Paleontol, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
基金
瑞士国家科学基金会;
关键词
EXCAVATION DAMAGED ZONE; SMALL DRAINAGE BASINS; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; MOTION; SALT;
D O I
10.1029/2011WR011023
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Swelling of clay-sulfate rocks is a major threat in tunneling. It is triggered by the transformation of the sulfate mineral anhydrite into gypsum as a result of water inflow in anhydrite-containing layers after tunnel excavation. The present study investigates the hydraulic effects of tunneling on groundwater flow and analyzes how hydraulic changes caused by excavation lead to water inflow into anhydrite-containing layers in the tunnel area. Numerical groundwater models are used to conduct scenario simulations that allow one to relate hydrogeological conditions to rock swelling. The influence of the topographic setting, the excavation-damaged zone around the tunnel, the sealing effect of the tunnel liner, and the geological configuration are analyzed separately. The analysis is performed for synthetic situations and is complemented by a case study from a tunnel in Switzerland. The results illustrate the importance of geological and hydraulic information when assessing the risk of swelling at an actual site.
引用
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页数:17
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