InterPlaNetary Internet:: state-of-the-art and research challenges

The developments in the space technologies are enabling the realization of deep space scientific missions such as Mars exploration. InterPlaNetary (IPN) Internet is expected to be the next step in the design and development of deep space networks as the Internet of the deep space planetary networks. However, there exist significant challenges to be addressed for the realization of this objective. Many researchers and several international organizations are currently engaged in defining and addressing these challenges and developing the required technologies for the realization of the InterPlaNetary Internet. In this paper, the current status of the research efforts to realize the InterPlaNetary Internet objective is captured. The communication architecture is presented, and the challenges posed by the several aspects of the InterPlaNetary Internet are introduced. The existing algorithms and protocols developed for each layer and the other related work are explored, and their shortcomings are pointed out along with the open research issues for the realization of the InterPlaNetary Internet. The objective of this survey is to motivate the researchers around the world to tackle these challenging problems and help to realize the InterPlaNetary Internet. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.