Graphene oxide cross-linked with phytic acid: an efficient adsorbent for the extraction of carbamates

A nanocomposite (designated as PAG) possessing amphiphilic properties was prepared by a single-step method from graphene oxide and phytic acid, in which phytic acid acts as both an inducer and cross-linking agent. The morphology and microstructure of PAG were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The PAG possess a 3 dimensional network structure with interpenetrated nano-and micropores and represent a viable adsorbent for solid-phase extraction of carbamate pesticides prior to their quantitation by high performance liquid chromatography. Under optimum conditions, the calibration plot is linear in the 0.5 to 80 ng g(-1) concentration range in case of apple samples, and in the 1.0 to 80 ng mL-1 range for juice samples. The respective limits of detection (for S/N = 3) are between 0.05 and 0.1 ng g(-1), and between 0.2 and 0.3 ng mL(-1). The PAG has a high adsorption capability, and in our preception it may become a useful adsorbent for the preconcentration of other organic pollutants.