Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis isolates

被引:129
|
作者
Hill, KK
Ticknor, LO
Okinaka, RT
Asay, M
Blair, H
Bliss, KA
Laker, M
Pardington, PE
Richardson, AP
Tonks, M
Beecher, DJ
Kemp, JD
Kolsto, AB
Wong, ACL
Keim, P
Jackson, PJ
机构
[1] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
[2] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
[3] Fed Bur Invest Acad, Quantico, VA 22135 USA
[4] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA
[5] Univ Oslo, Inst Pharm, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
[6] Univ Wisconsin, Inst Food Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA
[7] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1128/AEM.70.2.1068-1080.2004
中图分类号
Q81 [生物工程学(生物技术)]; Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 0836 ; 090102 ; 100705 ;
摘要
DNA from over 300 Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis isolates was analyzed by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). B. thuringiensis and B. cereus isolates were from diverse sources and locations, including soil, clinical isolates and food products causing diarrheal and emetic outbreaks, and type strains from the American Type Culture Collection, and over 200 B. thuringiensis isolates representing 36 serovars or subspecies were from the U.S. Department of Agriculture collection. Twenty-four diverse B. anthracis isolates were also included. Phylogenetic analysis of AFLP data revealed extensive diversity within B. thuringiensis and B. cereus compared to the monomorphic nature of B. anthracis. All of the B. anthracis strains were more closely related to each other than to any other Bacillus isolate, while B. cereus and B. thuringiensis strains populated the entire tree. Ten distinct branches were defined, with many branches containing both B. cereus and B. thuringiensis isolates. A single branch contained all the B. anthracis isolates plus an unusual B. thuringiensis isolate that is pathogenic in mice. In contrast, B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (ATCC 33679) and other isolates used to prepare insecticides mapped distal to the B. anthracis isolates. The interspersion of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis isolates within the phylogenetic tree suggests that phenotypic traits used to distinguish between these two species do not reflect the genomic content of the different isolates and that horizontal gene transfer plays an important role in establishing the phenotype of each of these microbes. B. thuringiensis isolates of a particular subspecies tended to cluster together.
引用
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页码:1068 / 1080
页数:13
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