On the black hole unitarity issue

I discuss features required for preserving unitarity in black hole decay and concepts underlying such a perspective. Unitarity requires that correlations extend on the scale of the horizon. I show, in a toy model inspired by string theories, that such correlations can indeed arise. The model suggests that, after a time of order 4M ln M following the onset of Hawking radiation, quantum effects could maintain throughout the decay a collapsing star within a Planck distance of its Schwarzschild radius. In this way information loss would be avoided. The concept of black hole "complementarity", which could reconcile these macroscopic departures from classical physics with the equivalence principle, is interpreted in terms of weak values of quantum operators.