Carbapenems vs β-Lactam Monotherapy or Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background. Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) result in significant morbidity, mortality, and cost. Carbapenem-resistant sepsis has increased dramatically in the last decade, resulting in infections that are difficult to treat and associated with high mortality rates. To prevent further antibacterial resistance, it is necessary to use carbapenem selectively. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of carbapenems vs alternative beta-lactam monotherapy or combination therapy for the treatment of cIAIs. Methods. The PubMed, Embase, Medline (via Ovid SP), and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing carbapenems vs alternative beta-lactam monotherapy or combination therapy for the treatment of cIAIs. Results. Twenty-two studies involving 7720 participants were included in the analysis. There were no differences in clinical treatment success (odds ratio [OR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-1.05; I-2 = 35%), microbiological treatment success (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.71-1.09; I-2 = 25%), adverse events (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.87-1.09; I-2 = 17%), or mortality (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.68-1.35; I-2 = 7%). Patients treated with imipenem were more likely to experience clinical or microbiological failure than those treated with alternative beta-lactam monotherapy or combination therapy. Conclusions. No differences in clinical outcomes were observed between carbapenems and noncarbapenem beta-lactams in cIAIs. Patients treated with imipenem were more likely to experience clinical or microbiological failure than those treated with alternative beta-lactam monotherapy or combination therapy.