Kinship-based social inequality in Bronze Age Europe

被引：143

作者：

Mittnik, Alissa ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Massy, Ken ^{[4
]}

Knipper, Corina ^{[5
]}

Wittenborn, Fabian ^{[6
]}

Friedrich, Ronny ^{[5
]}

Pfrengle, Saskia ^{[2
]}

Burri, Marta ^{[1
]}

Carlichi-Witjes, Nadine ^{[7
]}

Deeg, Heidi ^{[8
]}

Furtwaengler, Anja ^{[2
]}

Harbeck, Michaela ^{[9
]}

von Heyking, Kristin ^{[7
]}

Kociumaka, Catharina

Kucukkalipci, Isil ^{[2
]}

Lindauer, Susanne ^{[5
]}

Metz, Stephanie ^{[6
,10
]}

Staskiewicz, Anja

Thiel, Andreas ^{[11
]}

Wahl, Joachim ^{[12
]}

Haak, Wolfgang ^{[1
]}

Pernicka, Ernst ^{[5
]}

Schiffels, Stephan ^{[1
]}

Stockhammer, Philipp W. ^{[1
,4
]}

Krause, Johannes ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] Max Planck Inst Sci Human Hist, Dept Archaeogenet, D-07745 Jena, Germany

[2] Eberhard Karls Univ Tubingen, Inst Archaeol Sci, D-72070 Tubingen, Germany

[3] Harvard Med Sch, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA

[4] Ludwig Maximilian Univ Munich, Inst Pre & Protohist Archaeol & Archaeol Roman Pr, D-80799 Munich, Germany

[5] Curt Engelhorn Ctr Archaeometry gGmbH, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany

[6] Heidelberg Acad Sci, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[7] AnthroArch GbR, D-82284 Grafrath, Germany

[8] Museumsverein Bad Mergentheim eV, D-97980 Bad Mergentheim, Germany

[9] Bavarian Nat Hist Collect, State Collect Anthropol & Palaeoanat, D-80333 Munich, Germany

[10] Direkt Landesarchaol Aussenstelle Trier, Generaldirekt Kulturelles Erbe Rheinland Pfalz, D-54290 Trier, Germany

[11] State Off Cultural Heritage Management Badem Wurt, D-73728 Esslingen, Germany

[12] State Off Cultural Heritage Management Baden Wurt, D-78467 Constance, Germany

来源：

SCIENCE | 2019年 / 366卷 / 6466期

关键词：

EARLY FARMERS; ANCIENT DNA; GENOME SEQUENCE; DEEP ROOTS; ADMIXTURE; MIGRATION; ORIGIN; TRANSITION; DIVERSITY; INSIGHTS;

D O I：

10.1126/science.aax6219

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Revealing and understanding the mechanisms behind social inequality in prehistoric societies is a major challenge. By combining genome-wide data, isotopic evidence, and anthropological and archaeological data, we have gone beyond the dominating supraregional approaches in archaeogenetics to shed light on the complexity of social status, inheritance rules, and mobility during the Bronze Age. We applied a deep microregional approach and analyzed genome-wide data of 104 human individuals deriving from farmstead-related cemeteries from the Late Neolithic to the Middle Bronze Age in southern Germany. Our results reveal individual households, lasting several generations, that consisted of a high-status core family and unrelated low-status individuals; a social organization accompanied by patrilocality and female exogamy; and the stability of this system over 700 years.

引用

页码：731 / +

页数：86

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