Vitamin E in preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is the disorder of pregnancy with the highest rate of both maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The maternal syndrome is characterized by oxidative stress and activation of the vascular endothelium that may originate from placental release of lipid peroxidation products, cytokines, and microparticles leading to an acute inflammatory response. The current understanding of the etiology has allowed the improvement of predictive tests, tests that could make intervention possible from early pregnancy onwards. Although the large secondary intervention antioxidant trials in cardiovascular diseases did not show any beneficial effect of vitamin E and vitamin C, either alone or in combination, knowledge of the nature of the pathogenesis of preeclampsia offers hope for the beneficial use of antioxidants in the prevention of the disorder. Not only has our previous small trial shown that antioxidant prophylactics in high-risk women lowered the prevalence of preeclampsia, but also new evidence has demonstrated multiple other actions of alpha-tocopherol (such as anti-inflammation and inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase activation) besides its antioxidant properties that could be advantageous in the prevention of the disorder. Several larger trials are under way to investigate the precise role that vitamins C and E can play in the prevention of preeclampsia.