Export of ice nucleating particles from a watershed

被引：8
|
作者：
Larsen, Jarl Are [1 ]
Conen, Franz [1 ]
Alewell, Christine [1 ]
机构：
[1] Univ Basel, Dept Environm Sci, Bernoullistr 30, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
来源：
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE | 2017年 / 4卷 / 08期
关键词：
ice nucleating particles; production rate; stability; watershed; ALTITUDE OBSERVATORY JUNGFRAUJOCH; NUCLEI; PRECIPITATION; MACROMOLECULES; CLOUDS;
D O I：
10.1098/rsos.170213
中图分类号：
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号：
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要：
Ice nucleating particles (INP) active at a few degrees below 0 degrees C are produced by a range of organisms and released into the environment. They may affect cloud properties and precipitation when becoming airborne. So far, our knowledge about sources of biological INP is based on grab samples of vegetation, soil or water studied in the laboratory. By combining measurements of INP concentrations in river water with river water discharge rates over the course of 16 months, we obtained a lower limit for the production rate of INP in a watershed covering most of Switzerland (4x10(5) INP-8 m(-2) d(-1)). Coincidentally, we found that INP-8 are likely to retain their potential for catalysing ice formation in the natural environment for at least several months before they aremobilized by an intensive rainfall, washed into the river and exported from the watershed.
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页数：6
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