The human gut microbiota controls factors that relate to human metabolism with a reach far greater than originally expected. Microbial communities and human (or animal) hosts entertain reciprocal exchanges between various inputs that are largely controlled by the host via its genetic make-up, nutrition and lifestyle. The composition of these microbial communities is fundamental to supply metabolic capabilities beyond those encoded in the host genome, and contributes to hormone and cellular signalling that support the dynamic adaptation to changes in food availability, environment and organismal development. Poor functional exchange between the microbial communities and their human host is associated with dysbiosis, metabolic dysfunction and disease. This review examines the biology of the dynamic relationship between the reciprocal metabolic state of the microbiota-host entity in balance with its environment (i.e. in healthy states), the enzymatic and metabolic changes associated with its imbalance in three well-studied diseases states such as obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis, and the effects of bariatric surgery and exercise.
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Tokyo Inst Technol, Sch Life Sci & Technol, 2-12-1M6-3 Ookayama,Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, JapanTokyo Inst Technol, Sch Life Sci & Technol, 2-12-1M6-3 Ookayama,Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan
Shiroma, Hirotsugu
Darzi, Youssef
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Tokyo Inst Technol, Sch Life Sci & Technol, 2-12-1M6-3 Ookayama,Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan
Omixer Solut, 4-7-15 Zaimokuza, Kamakura, Kanagawa 2480013, JapanTokyo Inst Technol, Sch Life Sci & Technol, 2-12-1M6-3 Ookayama,Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan
Darzi, Youssef
Terajima, Etsuko
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Tokyo Inst Technol, Sch Life Sci & Technol, 2-12-1M6-3 Ookayama,Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, JapanTokyo Inst Technol, Sch Life Sci & Technol, 2-12-1M6-3 Ookayama,Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan
Terajima, Etsuko
Nakagawa, Zenichi
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Tokyo Inst Technol, Sch Life Sci & Technol, 2-12-1M6-3 Ookayama,Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, JapanTokyo Inst Technol, Sch Life Sci & Technol, 2-12-1M6-3 Ookayama,Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan
Nakagawa, Zenichi
Tsuchikura, Hirotaka
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Tokyo Inst Technol, Sch Life Sci & Technol, 2-12-1M6-3 Ookayama,Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, JapanTokyo Inst Technol, Sch Life Sci & Technol, 2-12-1M6-3 Ookayama,Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan
Tsuchikura, Hirotaka
Tsukuda, Naoki
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Tokyo Inst Technol, Sch Life Sci & Technol, 2-12-1M6-3 Ookayama,Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, JapanTokyo Inst Technol, Sch Life Sci & Technol, 2-12-1M6-3 Ookayama,Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan
Tsukuda, Naoki
Moriya, Yuki
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Res Org Informat & Syst, Database Ctr Life Sci, Joint Support Ctr Data Sci Res, 178-4-4 Wakashiba, Kashiwa, Chiba 2770871, JapanTokyo Inst Technol, Sch Life Sci & Technol, 2-12-1M6-3 Ookayama,Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan
Moriya, Yuki
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Okuda, Shujiro
Goto, Susumu
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Res Org Informat & Syst, Database Ctr Life Sci, Joint Support Ctr Data Sci Res, 178-4-4 Wakashiba, Kashiwa, Chiba 2770871, JapanTokyo Inst Technol, Sch Life Sci & Technol, 2-12-1M6-3 Ookayama,Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan
机构:
Univ Turku, Turku Ctr Biotechnol, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
Abo Akad Univ, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
Orebro Univ, Sch Med Sci, S-70281 Orebro, SwedenUniv Turku, Turku Ctr Biotechnol, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
Sen, Partho
Oresic, Matej
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Univ Turku, Turku Ctr Biotechnol, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
Abo Akad Univ, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
Orebro Univ, Sch Med Sci, S-70281 Orebro, SwedenUniv Turku, Turku Ctr Biotechnol, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
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Department of Digestive Diseases and Internal Medicine,University of Bologna,S Orsola Hospital,40138 Bologna,ItalyDepartment of Digestive Diseases and Internal Medicine,University of Bologna,S Orsola Hospital,40138 Bologna,Italy
Davide Festi
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Ramona Schiumerini
Leonardo Henry Eusebi
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Department of Digestive Diseases and Internal Medicine,University of Bologna,S Orsola Hospital,40138 Bologna,ItalyDepartment of Digestive Diseases and Internal Medicine,University of Bologna,S Orsola Hospital,40138 Bologna,Italy