Problems of Historiosophy in the Light of Merab Mamardashvili's Philosophy

The article deals with the possibilities that open up for historiosophy when getting acquainted with the ideas on consciousness, being and civilization of M.K. Mamardashvili. The phylosopher believed that social forms cannot rest on the laws of nature, on natural foundations. According to his ideas, a person as a dual natural-spiritual being is able to rise above the world and overcome its evil, but he may not do it. Since eventually everything depends on the goodwill of the person, the future is uncertain and probabilistic. Therefore, the life of an individual and society can be viewed as alternating moments of historical being, when evil is overcome, and periods of only a semblance of history, when it is preserved or multiplied. The idea of the paradoxical discontinuity (discreteness) of history thus testifies against the idea of the predetermination of all-encompassing progress, but rather in favor of its probabilistic nature. Concretizing Mamardashvili's ideas, one can clarify that we will not be able to understand sociality, its laws and destinies, if we do not consider it in the light of such concepts as self-creating humanity. Therefore, let's try to look at history from the point of view of whether it is the process of the birth of the "second Universe" - "man-made" space, opposing natural chaos, a process that introduces a specifically human quality into evolution. G.S. Kiselev proposes to consider the emergence of Western civilization as a "flash" of historical existence, which largely determined the appearance of the modern world. At the same time, he draws attention to the signs of its degradation.