Differential diagnosis of palmoplantar keratoderma in clinical practice

Palmoplantar keratodermas are a heterogenic group of diseases characterized by abnormal skin thickening of the palms and soles The main alteration is the excessive formation of keratin There are acquired forms related to other diseases, such as chronic regional endemic hydroarsenicism There are also multiple congenital variants, with recently discovered mutated genes and chromosomal localization In general, mutated genes codify for proteins named connexins, which are directly related to the cellular differentiation known as gap junction Even though this is a dermatological pathology, clinicians could be consulted given that some acquired causes may be initially observed by a specialist Here we present an update of these diseases known as congenital palmoplantar keratodermas with and without associated manifestations, together with the acquired forms