Simulation of pedestrian flow on square lattice based on cellular automata model

Simulations of two-way and four-way pedestrian flow on the square lattice for small systems will be presented based on cellular automata (CA) in this paper. For the reason that the decision-making process of pedestrians in their movements is complex and intelligent, pedestrian movement is more flexible and adaptive to dynamic conditions than vehicular flow. First, a special technique will be introduced to simplify tactically the process into the interaction of four dynamic parameters, which can reflect the pedestrian judgment on the surrounding conditions and decide the pedestrian's choice of action such as moving ahead, stopping to wait, position exchange, lane switching, back stepping, etc. Second, the simulation method and the relationships of velocity-density and flow-density will be studied and analyzed. It is found that there are phase transitions at the critical density point and at different phases the relationships of velocity-density and flow-density are different from each other. Moreover, the different weight coefficients of four dynamic parameters affect the simulation results of these two models. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.