Theory of Two Threshold Fields for Relativistic Runaway Electrons

被引：76
|
作者：
Aleynikov, Pavel [1 ]
Breizman, Boris N. [2 ]
机构：
[1] ITER Org, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France
[2] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA
来源：
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS | 2015年 / 114卷 / 15期
关键词：
FULLY IONIZED GAS; ION RUNAWAY; AVALANCHE;
D O I：
10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.155001
中图分类号：
O4 [物理学];
学科分类号：
0702 ;
摘要：
This Letter presents a rigorous kinetic theory for relativistic runaway electrons in the near critical electric field in tokamaks. The theory provides a distribution function of the runaway electrons, reveals the presence of two different threshold electric fields, and describes a mechanism for hysteresis in the runaway electron avalanche. Two different threshold electric fields characterize a minimal field required for sustainment of the existing runaway population and a higher field required for the avalanche onset. The near-threshold regime for runaway electrons determines the time scale of toroidal current decay during runaway mitigation in tokamaks.
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页数：5
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