Biomechanical efficacy of four different dual screws fixations in treatment of talus neck fracture: a three-dimensional finite element analysis

Background Current there are different screws fixation methods used for fixation of the talar neck fracture. However, the best method of screws internal fixation is still controversial. Few relevant studies have focused on this issue, especially by finite element analysis. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanical stability of dual screws internal fixation methods with different approaches and the best biomechanical environment of the fracture section, so as to provide reliable mechanical evidence for the selection of clinical internal fixation. Methods The computed tomography (CT) image of the healthy adult male ankle joint was used for three-dimensional reconstruction of the ankle model. Talus neck fracture and screws were constructed by computer-aided design (CAD). Then, 3D model of talar neck fracture which fixed with antero-posterior (AP) parallel dual screws, antero-posterior (AP) cross dual screws, postero-anterior (PA) parallel dual screws, and postero-anterior (PA) cross dual screws were simulated. Finally, under the condition of 2400N vertical load, finite element analysis (FEA) were carried out to compare the outcome of the four different internal fixation methods. The results of Von Mises stress, displacement of four groups which contain talus fracture fragments and screws internal fixations were analyzed. Results Compared with the other three groups, postero-anterior (PA) parallel dual screws had better results in the stress peak, stress distribution, and displacement of talus and internal fixation. Conclusions To sum up, the Von Mises stress of fracture section was the smallest, the stress distribution of screws were the most scattered, and the peak value was the smallest in posterior to anterior parallel double screws fixation, which was obviously better than that in the other three groups. When using screws internal fixation, the method of posterior to anterior screws fixation is better than that of anterior to posterior screws fixation, and the peak value and stress distribution of parallel double screws fixation is better than that of cross double screws fixation. Thus, for the talar neck fracture, the use of posterior to anterior parallel double screws fixation is recommended in clinical surgery.