The antifungal effects of Allium sativum and Artemisia sieberi extracts on hatching rate and survival of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) larvae

This study was conducted to evaluate the antifungal effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and wormwood (Artemisia sieberi) ethanolic extracts on survival of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs during the incubation and larval stages. The eggs were exposed, in triplicate, to three different doses of garlic (50, 100, 200 ppm) and wormwood (25, 50, 100 ppm) for 30 min under static condition. Malachite green (2 ppm) was also applied as positive control, while none pharmacological intervention was set as negative treatment. The results illustrated no significant difference in eyeing eggs, green eggs and larval stage mortality rate among the treatments (p<0.05). the fish eggs exposed to 2 ppm malachite green, 200 ppm garlic extract, and 100 ppm wormwood had the highest survival rate over the eyeing and hatching stages. Similar results were also obtained in larval stage with the highest survival rate in larvae exposed to 2 ppm malachite green (94.3 +/- 0.1 %) followed by those exposed to highest garlic (93.1 +/- 0.3 %) and wormwood extracts (93.1 +/- 0.4 %), respectively. The lowest survival rate was also obtained in eggs and larvae exposed to non-pharmacological intervention. Although the lowest mortality was found in malachite green treatment, findings of the present study illustrated that highest doses of garlic (200 ppm) and wormwood (100 ppm) extracts could be proposed at the highest concentration as a fungicide during the incubation of rainbow trout eggs and larvae culture due to their noncarcinogenic properties compared to the malachite green