An integrated mixed integer linear programming model for resilient and sustainable natural gas supply chain

Disruptions in the natural gas supply chain result in reduced throughput and associated emissions and losses, causing significant economic, environmental, and social impacts. Therefore, it is crucial to design supply chains that are resilient and sustainable to prevent or reduce the effects of disruptions. This paper proposes a novel Mixed-Integer Linear Programming model, which optimizes the natural gas supply chain in terms of resilience and sustainability, by examining the impact of an additional workflow design (contingency pipeline) located between the shutdown inlet and outlet nodes in the transmission echelon. The model is applied to a "real world" case, using data collected from gas companies operating in Nigeria. Both steady and transient states of the system are examined in this study through a set of scenarios. The best final solution was found to yield 93.6% performance increase when compared to target throughput and 63% performance increase with the introduction of the contingency when compared with the baseline scenario.