Efficacy of the amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination and of chloroquine for the treatment of malaria in Cordoba, Colombia, 2006

Introduction. The decrease in the efficacy of antimalarial drugs in the world and in Colombia hampers its control. Objective. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy of the amodiaquine+sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination was evaluated in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and of chloroquine for P. vivax malaria. Materials and methods. From May to November 2006, in vivo efficacy studies of malaria treatments were undertaken in Tierralta, Cordoba, northeastern Colombia. Standard protocols were followed as recommended by the World Health Organization/Panamerican Health Organization, with some modifications. Patients older than two years with single P. falciparum or P. vivax infection, with asexual parasitemia between 500 and 50,000 parasites/mu l, were selected according to established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Supervised treatment was administered, and clinical and parasitological follow-up was carried out on days 0 (inclusion), 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The outcome was defined as adequate clinical and parasitological response, early therapeutic failure, or late therapeutic failure. Results. Of 53 subjects selected, 50 (94.3%; Cl 70%-100%) presented adequate clinical and parasitological response to the amodiaquine+sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria. One patient presented early therapeutic failure, and two developed late therapeutic failure. All of the 50 patients (95%Cl: 74%-100%) in the in vivo efficacy study of chloroquine for vivax malaria presented adequate clinical and parasitological response. Conclusions. In Cordoba, the amodiaquine+sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination and chloroquine show a high efficacy for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum and vivax malaria, respectively.