Religious and Metaphysical Horizons of Polish Lyrical Poetry

The religious horizon of writing manifests itself on two levels. The primary level is the descriptive or paradigmatic one, while the secondary level is the interpretative or syntagmatic one. The first includes linguistic elements related to confessional practice; the second concerns secondary systems that shape the image of empirical reality, including religious, antireligious and areligious systems. The basic figure of the antireligious system and its poetics is the substitutional metaphor that questions the literalness of the religious narrative. Areligious poetry is dominated by the comparative metaphor. Reception style and the reader's values play an important role. Within the metaphysical horizon of this poetry, syntagmatic mechanisms represent the primary level, while paradigmatic ranks represent the secondary level. The metaphysical model fo the world in poetry can only be an individual hypothesis of a meaningful whole, which remains secret. The qualities that unify the diversity of individual writerly initiatives are the tensions between literalness (factual beings and rules) one the one hand and metaphoricity (conventional beings and rules) on the other; between harmony and disharmony of a given view of the world and previous, familiar ways of perceiving the phoneomenon of being; between the metaphysical horizon and other horizons of poetic art.