Human resource management bundles consisting of multiple complementary practices are typically considered superior to individual best practices in influencing firm performance. This study investigates the relationship between three such bundles (empowerment, motivation, and skill-enhancing) and business outcomes (retention, operating performance, financial performance, and overall performance ratings). A meta-analysis of 239 effect sizes derived from 65 studies reveals that HRM bundles have significantly larger magnitudes of effects than their constituent individual practices, are positively related to business outcomes, and display effect sizes that are comparable to or larger than those of high-performance work systems. These findings reaffirm the case for firm-level investments in synergistic HRM combinations and highlight the importance of investing in complementary practices. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Univ Kingston, Small Business Res Ctr, Kingston Hill KT2 7LB, EnglandUniv Kingston, Small Business Res Ctr, Kingston Hill KT2 7LB, England
Saridakis, George
Lai, Yanqing
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Edinburgh Napier Univ, 219 Colinton Rd, Edinburgh EH14 1DJ, Midlothian, ScotlandUniv Kingston, Small Business Res Ctr, Kingston Hill KT2 7LB, England
Lai, Yanqing
Cooper, Cary L.
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Univ Manchester, Alliance Manchester Business Sch, Booth St West, Manchester M15 6PB, Lancs, EnglandUniv Kingston, Small Business Res Ctr, Kingston Hill KT2 7LB, England
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Wayne State Univ, Dept Psychol, 5057 Woodward Ave,Rm 8402-23, Detroit, MI 48202 USAWayne State Univ, Dept Psychol, 5057 Woodward Ave,Rm 8402-23, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
Brown, Shanique G.
Hill, N. Sharon
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George Washington Univ, Dept Management, Sch Business, 315F Funger Hall,2201 G St,NW, Washington, DC 20052 USAWayne State Univ, Dept Psychol, 5057 Woodward Ave,Rm 8402-23, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
Hill, N. Sharon
Lorinkova, Natalia M.
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ESADE Business Sch, Dept People Management & Org, Barcelona, SpainWayne State Univ, Dept Psychol, 5057 Woodward Ave,Rm 8402-23, Detroit, MI 48202 USA