Artificial Intelligence: Issues, Challenges, Opportunities and Threats

The world is experiencing a period of instability in a range of pillar institutions in the international system. These instabilities and unsustainable systems may have serious implications for humanity. Catastrophic physical phenomena are on the rise, lately and many say that this is due to human disrespect to the environment. Urgently valuable and sustainable solutions are needed. One scientific approach to address these challenging questions is Artificial Intelligence (AI). Theories of AI are reviewed. Machine learning (ML), Neural Networks (NN) and Deep Learning (DL) are briefly presented. Certain criticisms of AI and DL are carefully analyzed. A number of challenges and opportunities of AI are identified. The future of AI and potential threats of it are discussed. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Deep Learning (DL) are relying mainly on data analysis without taking into consideration the human nature. Theories of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM) seem to provide a useful tool in developing new AI theories answering this problem.