ApoE Lipidation as a Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer's Disease

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the major cholesterol carrier in the brain, affecting various normal cellular processes including neuronal growth, repair and remodeling of membranes, synaptogenesis, clearance and degradation of amyloid beta (A beta) and neuroinflammation. In humans, theAPOEgene has three common allelic variants, termed E2, E3, and E4.APOE4is considered the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereasAPOE2is neuroprotective. To perform its normal functions, apoE must be secreted and properly lipidated, a process influenced by the structural differences associated with apoE isoforms. Here we highlight the importance of lipidated apoE as well as theAPOE-lipidation targeted therapeutic approaches that have the potential to correct or prevent neurodegeneration. Many of these approaches have been validated using diverse cellular and animal models. Overall, there is great potential to improve the lipidated state of apoE with the goal of amelioratingAPOE-associated central nervous system impairments.